Power amplifier power controller

ABSTRACT

A power amplifier power controller in the power amplifier system monitors various operating conditions of the power amplifier, and controls the output transmit power of the power amplifier by coordinated control of both the input drive level to the power amplifier and the gain of the power amplifier. The power amplifier power controller controls the input drive level to the power amplifier so that the input drive level does not change substantially while adjusting the gain of the power amplifier to maximize the transmit power. The power amplifier power controller may also adjust the input drive level by some portion of the overall change required to the power of the power amplifier, while adjusting the gain of the power amplifier by the remaining portion of such overall change.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to power amplifier systems.

2. Description of the Related Art

RF power amplifiers (PA's) are widely used in the transmitter section ofradio transceivers, such as in cellular phones and data cards used withmobile computing devices. The PA provides the last amplification stagefor the RF signal being transmitted by the antenna.

In cellular telephone systems, the power delivered by the PA andconsequently transmitted by the antenna is typically controlled in aclosed loop fashion, where the basestation commands the mobile device totransmit at a proper power level in order to maintain a goodcommunication link to the basestation. As the mobile moves farther awayfrom the basestation, the basestation commands the mobile device toincrease its transmit power until a maximum transmit power limit isreached as determined by the mobile device. This maximum transmit poweris determined by regulatory standards such as the 3 Gpp TS 25.101.Further limits may be placed on maximum transmit power by safetyconsiderations, based on human body Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) ofthe RF signal radiated from the antenna of the mobile device. Further,the mobile device may reduce the maximum transmit power if the PA cannotmeet transmit adjacent channel leakage limit specifications as requiredby standards such as 3 Gpp TS 25.101. Such power reduction may berequired if challenging peak to average (PAR) in the modulation,impedance mismatch conditions at the antenna (due to the antenna beingplaced in proximity to a metal surface, for example), temperaturechanges or other factors cause the PA to operate in a nonlinear mode,resulting in distortion which generates adjacent channel leakage.Finally, it may be prudent to monitor and limit the maximum currentdrawn from the PA, since for some impedance mismatch angles at theantenna, the PA may draw excessive current, stressing the PA or reducingbattery life of the mobile device. Nonetheless, it is still desirable tomaximize the mobile's transmit power in order to provide the bestpossible coverage range and data rates, since often the limiting factorfor cellular “dead zones” and low data rates is the mobile device'smaximum transmit power capability when at the edge of the cell of mobilephones. An increase in power of just 1 dB can make a difference incoverage area of 14% or more.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a conventional RF PA system thatmonitors and adjusts the PA's transmit power. The PA system includes atransmitter IC (TXIC) 102, a transmit (TX) filter 111, a power amplifier(PA) 104, and a directional coupler 112. PA 104 under supply voltagebias 108 receives RF input signal 106 from TXIC 102, and amplifies it togenerate RF output signal 110. The power delivered by the PA 104 at RFoutput signal 110 is controlled by a TXIC 102 which feeds a compositesignal (including at least amplitude modulation information and, phasemodulation information and/or frequency modulation information) 106 tothe input 107 of the PA 104. TXIC 102 has a variable drive circuit, withthe capability to vary the drive level to the input 107 of PA 104,typically by adjusting the gain of an internal drive amplifier 114and/or adjusting the levels of the RF input signal fed to internal driveamplifier 114. By adjusting the drive level to the input 107 of the PA104, the RF power level at the output 110 of PA 104 is therebycontrolled, and thus the transmitted power is controlled at the antenna(not shown). As mentioned previously, in a typical cellular system (suchas WCDMA), the basestation provides commands to each mobile phone tocontrol its transmitted power. A table of values correlating the drivelevel at TXIC output 106 to the radiated power at the antenna or antennaconnector (not shown) is typically maintained by the TXIC 102. The TXIC102 uses such correlated values to generate the proper drive level atTXIC output 106 in response to such commands received from thebasestation. Note that the output 106 of TXIC 102 may feed an interstageTX filter 111 prior to driving PA 107, to reduce spurious noise.

As the mobile device's maximum transmit power capability is reached, themobile device must limit the transmit power as described earlier. TheTXIC 102 may sense the forward coupled power 113 of the RF output signal110 output from PA 104 using directional coupler 112, and thus estimatethe RF power of the RF output signal 115 fed towards the antenna of themobile device. In this way, a more accurate estimate of transmit powercan be made than with the table of values which set drive levels at theTXIC output 106 as mentioned previously. A loop may be formed with TXIC102 adjusting the drive level at output 106 using its internal driveamplifier 114 based on the forward power 113 sensed at the forwardcoupled port of direction coupler 112. The conventional RF PA system ofFIG. 1 has the advantage of eliminating errors in the transmit powerlevel of the RF signal 115 due to gain variations in PA 104 as well asin TXIC 102.

However, the conventional RF PA system typically cannot accurately limitthe maximum transmit power of the RF output signal 115 based on thecriteria mentioned earlier. For example, when the PA 104 drives a load(not shown) at an unexpected impedance due to an impedance mismatch atthe antenna, increased adjacent channel leakage typically occurs. Underthese conditions, the power delivered by PA 104 towards the antennanaturally decreases due to mismatch loss, which helps to mitigate theadjacent channel leakage. However, TXIC 102 will sense forward power 113at directional coupler 112 which is somewhat unpredicted, due to thedirectional coupler's lack of 50 Ohms operating environment. At someimpedance mismatch angles, the feedback loop including internal driveamplifier 114 tends to adjust the output drive 106 of TXIC 102 to reducethe PA output power 110 excessively. The mobile device's maximumtransmit power is thus reduced beyond what is needed, detrimentallyaffecting mobile phone coverage and data rates. Additionally, thefeedback loop operates at a slow rate, since the forward power 113 ofthe RF signal detected at directional coupler 112 must be heavilyaveraged to accurately assess the forward power level, causing a largedelay in adjustment of the mobile device's maximum transmit power level,during which time the mobile device's maximum transmit power is notoptimized. Other factors such as temperature and current drawn by the PA104 are neither monitored nor estimated, and thus the TXIC 102 mayassume the worst case with a tendency towards reducing the PA outputpower 110 excessively. Finally, the actual power loss caused by variousadditional components (not shown) between PA 104 and the antenna are nottaken into account in adjusting the PA output power 110, and aretypically merely estimated, again resulting in suboptimal power controlof the PA maximum power.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention include a power amplifier systemthat is configured to adjust the gain of a power amplifier based on oneor more sensed operating conditions of the power amplifier whilemaintaining substantially constant a level of the input signal to thepower amplifier. A power amplifier power controller in the poweramplifier system monitors various operating conditions of the poweramplifier, and controls the output transmit power by coordinated controlof both the input drive to the power amplifier and the gain of the poweramplifier. Thus, the transmit power is maximized within the constraintsof the operating conditions. The power amplifier power controllerreceives the monitored operating conditions of the power amplifier, andthen controls the input drive level to the power amplifier so that theinput drive level does not change while adjusting the gain of the poweramplifier to maximize the transmit power. Thus, the power amplifierpower controller may be added to the power amplifier system withoutinterfering with the normal operation of the power amplifier system.

In one embodiment, the power amplifier power controller monitors theimpedance mismatch at the output of the power amplifier and adjusts thegain of the power amplifier based on the monitored impedance mismatch,including the degree of the impedance mismatch and/or the angle of theimpedance mismatch. In one embodiment, the degree of impedance mismatchis determined according to the ratio of reverse power to forward powersensed at the output of the power amplifier. In another embodiment, theangle of impedance mismatch is determined according to the phasedifference between reverse power and forward power sensed at the outputof the power amplifier. In still other embodiments, the power amplifiercontroller adjusts the gain of the power amplifier further based on oneor more sensed conditions of the power amplifier, such as thetemperature at which the power amplifier system operates, antennaconditions, and the current of the power amplifier.

In another embodiment, the power amplifier power controller may adjustthe input drive level by some portion of the overall change required tothe power of the power amplifier rather than maintaining the input drivelevel constant, while adjusting the gain of the power amplifier by theremaining portion of the overall change required to the power of thepower amplifier. As a result, less gain adjustment range is required inthe power amplifier

The power amplifier system according to the embodiments herein has theadvantage that it can locally monitor the operating conditions of thepower amplifier and respond by autonomously and rapidly optimizing themaximum transmit power of the power amplifier by adjusting the gain ofthe power amplifier while maintaining substantially constant the inputdrive level to the power amplifier. Thus, the power amplifier controllercan be added to existing TXIC systems without interfering with theiroperation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The teachings of the embodiments of the present invention can be readilyunderstood by considering the following detailed description inconjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a conventional RF PA system thatmonitors and adjusts the PA's transmit power

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a RF PA system that monitors andadjusts the PA's transmit power, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the PA power controller of the RFPA system of FIG. 2 in more detail, according to one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The figures and the following description relate to preferredembodiments of the present invention by way of illustration only. Itshould be noted that from the following discussion, alternativeembodiments of the structures and methods disclosed herein will bereadily recognized as viable alternatives that may be employed withoutdeparting from the principles of the present invention.

Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments of thepresent invention(s), examples of which are illustrated in theaccompanying figures. It is noted that wherever practicable similar orlike reference numbers may be used in the figures and may indicatesimilar or like functionality. The figures depict embodiments of thepresent invention for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in theart will readily recognize from the following description thatalternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated hereinmay be employed without departing from the principles of the inventiondescribed herein.

At a high level, a power amplifier power controller in a power amplifiersystem monitors various operating conditions of the power amplifier, andcontrols the output transmit power by coordinated control of both theinput drive to the power amplifier and the gain of the power amplifier.The power amplifier power controller adjusts the gain of the poweramplifier based on one or more of the sensed operating conditions of thepower amplifier while maintaining substantially constant the level ofthe input signal to the power amplifier. Thus, the transmit power of thepower amplifier can be maximized within the constraints of the operatingconditions.

Turning to the figures, FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a RF PAsystem that monitors and adjusts the PA's transmit power, according toone embodiment. The RF PA system includes a transmitter IC (TXIC) 102,an optional transmit (TX) filter 111, a power amplifier (PA) 104, adirectional coupler 212, and a PA power controller 201. PA 104 receivesa composite RF input signal (including at least amplitude modulationinformation and, phase modulation information and/or frequencymodulation information) 106 from TXIC 102, and amplifies it to generateRF output signal 110. TXIC 102 has the capability to vary the drivelevel to the input 107 of PA 104, typically by adjusting the gain of aninternal drive amplifier 114 and/or adjusting the levels of the RF inputsignal fed to internal drive amplifier 114. PA power controller 201 maybe a separate IC die, or may be integrated together with PA 104. Forexample, PA power controller 201 may be contained with a PA module whosefunctional boundaries are depicted by reference numeral 290.

PA power controller 201 includes an impedance mismatch detector 233, alimit/control shape module 232, a TXIC power feedback module 230, and aPA gain adjust module 231. The PA power controller 201 monitors variousPA conditions, such as forward power 213 of the RF output signal 110,reverse power 210 of the RF output signal 110, temperature 220, antennaconditions 221, and/or PA current 222. Forward power 213 and reversepower 210 may be sensed using directional coupler 212. Temperature 220may be sensed with a thermistor (not shown) placed in proximity to PA104. Antenna conditions 221 include conditions such as whether or notthe antenna is placed near a metal surface, whether the antenna of themobile device is in an extended position, SAR (Specific Absorption Rate)conditions, and other operating conditions of the antenna. Antennaconditions 221 may be sensed utilizing impedance mismatch detector 233,or by an additional directional coupler (not shown) near the antenna,which provides sensing of forward and reverse power that varies inresponse to such antenna conditions. PA current 222 may be sensed bymeasuring the voltage across a low value sense resistor (not shown) inseries with the power supply line 108 of PA 104. In one embodiment, PAcurrent 222 is the current consumed by PA 104.

Mismatch detector 233 monitors impedance mismatch conditions as seen atthe output of PA 104. Impedance mismatch conditions can be monitored byuse of directional coupler 212. Forward coupled signal 213 and reversecoupled signal 210 from directional coupler 212 are sensed by mismatchdetector 233, which determines the degree of impedance mismatch andoptionally the angle of impedance mismatch between the forward power 213and reverse power 210 at the output 110 of PA 104. Mismatch detector 233passes the impedance mismatch signal 219 indicating such degree and/orthe angle of impedance mismatch to limit/control shape block 232.Limit/control shape block 232 receives the impedance mismatch signal 219as well as the signals indicating the sensed temperature 220, antennaconditions 221, and the PA current 222, and generates a control signal234 that is used to control the TXIC power feedback block 230 and the PAgain adjust block 231. Limit/control shape block 232 may be programmableand includes (i) limit detectors which set a threshold for the appliedsense inputs, below which PA gain and TXIC output feedback levels are tobe adjusted, and (ii) control and shaping functions, which apportionsensor-to-control gain and frequency response to the signals 234 feedingTXIC power feedback module 230 and PA gain adjust module 231. Forexample, limit/control shape block 232 may include one or morecomparators (not shown) which compare the level of mismatch 219 reportedby mismatch detector 233, the sensed temperature 220, the sensed antennaconditions 221, and/or the sensed PA current 222, to one or morepredetermined thresholds. Limit/control shape block 232 may also includeone or more analog-to-digital (A/D) converters (not shown), whichdigitize the above mentioned sensed condition signals and, with the aidof a multidimensional digital lookup table, yield a digital outputdetermining the degree of PA gain and TXIC output power feedbackadjustment required. Digital or analog filters (not shown) may smooththe response of above mentioned signals 219, 220, 221, 222. The valuesin the digital lookup table may be generated by empirically observingthe linearity performance and internal die temperature of PA 104 undervarious conditions as reported by signals 219, 220, 221, 222. Adigital-to-analog (D/A) converter (not shown) may be utilized to convertsuch digital output to analog form, to generate signal 234, whichultimately represents the degree of PA gain and TXIC power feedbackadjustment required.

Based on control signal 234, the PA gain adjust module 231 adjusts thegain 216 or supply voltage bias 108 of PA 104, in order to optimize themaximum transmit power level of the RF PA system. For example, whenexcessive PA current 222 is sensed, PA power controller 201 lowers thegain 216 of PA 104 in order to reduce the PA output power to safelevels.

In addition to adjusting the gain of PA 104, TXIC power feedback module230 concurrently sends a control signal 217 to TXIC 102 in order tocontrol the drive level at TXIC output 106 to PA 104. This is beneficialbecause, for example, TXIC 102 may have originally been configured toinclude a feedback loop that adjusts the output drive 106 of TXIC 102using internal drive amplifier 114 based on the sensed forward power 213from directional coupler 212. In such a feedback loop, an estimate ofthe RF power 115 fed towards the antenna can be made, and the outputdrive 106 of TXIC 102 may be adjusted to drive the input 107 of PA 104to target a desired maximum transmit power. However, consider an examplewhere excessive PA current 222 is detected by PA power controller 201,and in response, the PA power controller 201 aims to reduce the outputPA power 115. If PA power controller 201 were to merely reduce the gainof PA 104 and TXIC 102 were allowed to operate independently asdescribed above (with a direct connection to the sensed forward power213 used as a means of assessing forward power), then the reducedforward power 213 sensed by TXIC 102 will cause the TXIC feedback loopto increase the output drive 106 of TXIC 102 using internal driveamplifier 114 and thus work against the transmit power reduction made byPA gain adjust module 231. This will effectively inhibit the operationof the PA power controller 201 to reduce the gain 216 of PA 104. Thus,in order to prevent such inhibiting operation by TXIC 102, the TXICpower feedback module 230 commands TXIC 102 to keep substantiallyconstant the drive level at TXIC output 106 via control line 217 despitesensing forward power 213, while PA gain adjust module 231 reduces thegain 216 of PA 104. In other systems, the TXIC 102 may operatedifferently, but nonetheless is controlled via control signal 217 inorder for the PA power controller 201 to correctly control the transmitpower by a combination of the drive level at the input 107 of PA 104 andgain adjustment of PA 104.

In another embodiment, TXIC 102 may not keep constant the drive level atTXIC output 106, but rather operate with some variation of the drivelevel at output 106, in response to control signal 217 from PA powercontroller 201. For example, control line 217 may provide a signalindicating to TXIC 102 that PA power controller 201 has sensed acondition which warrants a change in the output PA power 115, and thusthe control to change output PA power 115 may be shared between PA gainadjust module 231 and TXIC 102. In this case, TXIC 102 may adjust thedrive level at TXIC output 106 by some portion of the overall changerequired to PA power 115, while PA gain adjust module 231 adjusts the PAgain 216 by the remaining portion of the required change to PA power115. As a result, less gain adjustment range is required in the PA 104.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, the PA gain may be adjusted either witha gain adjust control signal 216, which adjusts a bias control orvariable gain amplifier (VGA) within PA 104 to change its gain, and/orby adjusting a supply voltage bias VCC 108, which is another means ofadjusting the PA gain. Any other means of adjusting the gain within thePA module boundary 290 can be used with the embodiments describedherein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the PA power controller of the RFPA system of FIG. 2 in more detail, according to one embodiment.Specifically, mismatch detector 233 is shown as including detectors 312and 313, a differential amplifier 311, and a phase comparator 315. Also,TXIC power feedback module 230 is shown as including a variableattenuator 310. Detectors 312, 313 detect the forward power 213 and thereverse power 210, respectively, sensed from directional coupler 212. Inone embodiment, detectors 312 and 313 may be diode-based RF powerdetectors with a fast response capable of tracking the amplitudemodulation on the forward and reverse power ports 213 and 210, and mayprovide a log response. Differential amplifier 311 amplifies thedifference of logarithms between the detected forward power 213 and thereverse power 210 of the RF output signal 110 and feeds this differencesignal 314 into limit/control shape block 232. The limit/control shapeblock 232 may low-pass filter the difference signal 314 output fromdifferential amplifier 311. The resulting signal represents the ratio ofreverse power 213 to forward power 210 sensed by directional coupler212, and thus accurately estimates the degree of impedance mismatch asseen by PA 104 at its output 110. Further, since detectors 312 and 313are fast and the amplitude modulation detectors 312 and 313 differ onlyin amplitude, a rapid assessment of impedance mismatch can be made. Arapid assessment of impedance mismatch is beneficial because it enablesthe PA power controller 201 to quickly optimize the maximum transmitpower of PA 104, minimizing coverage loss during bursty operation.Bursty operation can occur, for example, when the mobile device istransmitting data in bursts. A slow optimization of maximum transmitpower of PA 104 can cause entire bursts to be lost when operating nearthe cell edge, as the power may be either too low to reach thebasestation, or too high and cause the transmitted signal to bedistorted.

As described previously, limit/control shape block 232 may beprogrammable and include limit detectors which set a threshold for theapplied sense inputs, below which PA gain and TXIC output power levelsare to be adjusted. In the case of the mismatch detector 233, in oneembodiment a threshold of a ratio of 1:10 in reverse to forward powerlevels detected at detectors 313 and 312, respectively, may be areasonable threshold above which the impedance mismatch is sufficient tocause linearity to degrade in PA 104 and cause unacceptable adjacentchannel leakage. Thus, above this threshold of 1:10, limit/control shapeblock 232 causes PA gain adjust module 231 to send a signal 216 toreduce the PA gain. The amount of PA gain reduction may be programmable,but is optimized to limit the gain reduction to that which is necessaryto reduce adjacent channel leakage of the mobile device to acceptablelevels.

The amount of gain reduction applied may also be dependent on the angleof mismatch between the forward power 213 and the reverse power 210,which may be measured by phase comparator 315. Specifically, phasecomparator 315 measures the phase difference between forward power 213and reverse power 210, and generates phase difference signal 316representing such phase difference. With this additional feature,limit/control shape block 232 receives such phase difference signal 316and is programmed to cause PA gain adjust module 231 to send controlsignal 216 to reduce the gain of PA 104 based on a combination of thesignal 314 output from differential comparator 311 representing thereverse-to-forward power levels and the signal 316 output from phasecomparator 315 representing the phase difference between the forwardpower 213 and the reverse power 210. Since the degree of gain reductionof the PA 104 needed to reduce adjacent channel leakage may be dependenton the angle 316 of mismatch, a more finely optimized maximum transmitpower can be achieved in the PA system of FIG. 3.

As described previously, limit/control shape block 232 controls TXICpower feedback module 230 in combination with PA gain adjust module 231to adjust and optimize the maximum transmit power levels of the PA 104.In this example, variable attenuator 310 in TXIC power feedback module230 is placed in series with the forward power sense line 213 which istypically part of the TXIC transmit power loop as earlier described. Inresponse to the sensed forward power 213, TXIC power feedback module 230causes variable attenuator 310 to reduce the amount of attenuation ofthe forward power 213 by approximately the same amount as PA gain adjustmodule 231 decreases the gain of PA 104, and vice versa. On the otherhand, TXIC power feedback module 230 causes variable attenuator 310 toincrease the amount of attenuation of the forward power 213 byapproximately the same amount as PA gain adjust module 231 increases thegain of PA 104. Thus, the power level at control signal line 217, sensedby TXIC 102, remains substantially constant, and so does not induce TXIC102 to change its drive level at output 106 despite PA gain adjustmodule 231 adjusting the gain of PA 104. In this manner, the TXICtransmit power loop is prevented from interfering with the transmitpower optimization performed by PA power controller 201.

As described previously, in another embodiment the RF PA system may beoptimized in such a way that TXIC 102 may not keep constant the drivelevel at TXIC output 106, but rather operate with some variation of thedrive level, in response to control signal 217 from TXIC power feedbackmodule 230. For example, TXIC power feedback module 230 may causevariable attenuator 310 to reduce the amount of attenuation of theforward power 213 by more than the amount that PA gain adjust module 231decreases the gain 216 of PA 104, and vice versa. On the other hand,TXIC power feedback module 230 may cause variable attenuator 310 toincrease the amount of attenuation of the forward power 213 by more thanthe amount that PA gain adjust module 231 increases the gain 216 of PA104. Thus, the power level at control signal line 217, sensed by TXIC102, may change in a way which induces TXIC 102 to change its drivelevel at output 106 in concert with PA gain adjust module 231 adjustingthe gain of PA 104. In this manner, the TXIC 102 drive level at output106 and the change of gain of PA 104 both contribute to the overallchange required to PA power 115. The benefit of such a system is thatless PA gain adjustment range is required.

The PA power controller 201 may also estimate SAR conditions, and limitthe transmitted power when a predetermined SAR limit is exceeded. Whenthe antenna is placed in proximity to the human body, the degree ofreflected power may increase. Thus, mismatch detector 233 may beemployed to detect SAR. In one embodiment, a threshold of a ratio ofreverse to forward power levels detected at detectors 313 and 312,respectively, is predetermined to be a reasonable threshold above whichSAR may be exceeded. Thus, when the detected SAR is above thisthreshold, limit/control shape block 232 may cause PA gain adjust module231 to send a signal 216 to reduce the gain of the PA 104. The amount ofPA gain reduction may be programmable, and further may differ dependingon whether the mobile device is in “data tether” mode or “voice” mode.In “data tether” mode, the speaker and the microphone of the mobiledevice are disabled, and thus the user will not be operating the mobiledevice in proximity to the head, permitting a lesser PA gain reduction.

According to various embodiments of the present invention, the PA powercontroller can monitor various operating conditions of the PA, andresponds by autonomously and rapidly optimizing the maximum transmitpower of the PA. At the same time, the TXIC output power level fed tothe PA is maintained substantially constant, so that the TXIC does notinterfere with the operation of the PA power controller.

Upon reading this disclosure, those of skill in the art will appreciatestill additional alternative designs possible for a PA power controlsystem. Thus, while particular embodiments and applications of thepresent invention have been illustrated and described, it is to beunderstood that the invention is not limited to the precise constructionand components disclosed herein and that various modifications, changesand variations which will be apparent to those skilled in the art may bemade in the arrangement, operation and details of the method andapparatus of the present invention disclosed herein without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A power amplifier system, comprising: a power amplifier configured to receive and amplify an RF input signal including at least amplitude modulation information to generate an RF output signal; and a power amplifier power controller configured to determine an angle of impedance mismatch at an output of the power amplifier according to a phase difference between reverse power and forward power of the RF output signal sensed at the output of the power amplifier and configured to adjust a gain of the power amplifier based on the angle of the impedance mismatch while maintaining substantially constant a level of the RF input signal to the power amplifier.
 2. The power amplifier system of claim 1, wherein the power amplifier power controller is configured to adjust the gain of the power amplifier further based on a degree of the impedance mismatch.
 3. The power amplifier system of claim 2, wherein the power amplifier power controller determines the degree of impedance mismatch according to a ratio of the reverse power to the forward power of the RF output signal sensed at the output of the power amplifier.
 4. The power amplifier system of claim 1, further comprising an input controller configured to provide the RF input signal to the power amplifier, the power amplifier power controller controlling the input controller to maintain substantially constant the level of the RF input signal provided to the power amplifier while adjusting the gain of the power amplifier.
 5. The power amplifier system of claim 4, wherein the input controller includes a variable drive circuit configured to adjust the level of the RF input signal provided to the power amplifier responsive to an input drive control signal received from the power amplifier power controller.
 6. The power amplifier system of claim 5, wherein the power amplifier power controller includes a variable attenuator configured to attenuate a sensed forward power level of the RF output signal to be provided as the input drive control signal to the variable drive circuit, the power amplifier power controller configured to reduce or increase attenuation of the sensed forward power level as the gain of the power amplifier is reduced or increased, respectively, so as to maintain substantially constant the level of the RF input signal provided to the power amplifier.
 7. The power amplifier system of claim 1, wherein the power amplifier power controller is configured to adjust the gain of the power amplifier further based on one or more sensed conditions of the power amplifier.
 8. The power amplifier system of claim 7, wherein the sensed conditions include a temperature at which the power amplifier system operates.
 9. The power amplifier system of claim 7, wherein the sensed conditions include SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) at which the power amplifier system operates.
 10. The power amplifier system of claim 7, wherein the sensed conditions include a condition of an antenna coupled to the power amplifier for transmission of the RF output signal of the power amplifier.
 11. The power amplifier system of claim 7, wherein the sensed conditions include current of the power amplifier.
 12. A method for controlling a power amplifier system, the method comprising: receiving and amplifying an RF input signal to a power amplifier to generate an RF output signal, the RF input signal including at least amplitude modulation information; determining an angle of impedance mismatch at an output of the power amplifier according to a phase difference between reverse power and forward power of the RF output signal sensed at the output of the power amplifier; and adjusting a gain of the power amplifier based on the angle of the impedance mismatch while maintaining substantially constant a level of the RF input signal to the power amplifier.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the gain of the power amplifier is adjusted further based on a degree of the impedance mismatch.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the degree of impedance mismatch is determined according to a ratio of the reverse power to the forward power of the RF output signal sensed at the output of the power amplifier.
 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising reducing or increasing attenuation of a sensed forward power level of the RF output signal of the power amplifier to be provided to an input drive controller providing the RF input signal to the power amplifier as the gain of the power amplifier is reduced or increased, respectively, so as to maintain substantially constant the level of the RF input signal to the power amplifier.
 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the gain of the power amplifier is adjusted further based on one or more sensed conditions of the power amplifier.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensed conditions include a temperature at which the power amplifier system operates.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensed conditions include SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) at which the power amplifier system operates.
 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensed conditions include a condition of an antenna coupled to the power amplifier for transmission of the RF output signal of the power amplifier.
 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensed conditions include current of the power amplifier.
 21. A power amplifier system, comprising: a power amplifier configured to receive and amplify an RF input signal including at least amplitude modulation information to generate an RF output signal; a power amplifier power controller configured to adjust a gain of the power amplifier based upon one or more sensed conditions of the power amplifier; and an input controller configured to provide the RF input signal to the power amplifier, the input controller including a variable drive circuit configured to adjust the level of the RF input signal provided to the power amplifier responsive to an input drive control signal received from the power amplifier power controller, wherein: the power amplifier power controller is configured to reduce or increase attenuation of a sensed forward power level of the RF output signal to be provided as the input drive control signal while reducing or increasing the gain of the power amplifier, respectively, so as to maintain substantially constant the level of the RF input signal provided to the power amplifier, and the power amplifier power controller includes an impedance mismatch detector configured to determine an angle of impedance mismatch at the output of the power amplifier according to a phase difference between reverse power and forward power of the RF output signal sensed at the output of the power amplifier, the power amplifier power controller configured to adjust the gain of the power amplifier further based on the angle of the impedance mismatch while maintaining substantially constant the level of the RF input signal provided to the power amplifier.
 22. The power amplifier system of claim 21, wherein the power amplifier power controller includes a variable attenuator configured to attenuate the sensed forward power level of the RF output signal.
 23. The power amplifier system of claim 21, wherein the power amplifier power controller is configured to adjust the gain of the power amplifier further based on a degree of the impedance mismatch.
 24. The power amplifier system of claim 23, wherein the power amplifier power controller determines the degree of impedance mismatch according to a ratio of the reverse power to the forward power of the RF output signal sensed at the output of the power amplifier.
 25. The power amplifier system of claim 21, wherein the sensed conditions include a temperature at which the power amplifier system operates.
 26. The power amplifier system of claim 21, wherein the sensed conditions include SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) at which the power amplifier system operates.
 27. The power amplifier system of claim 21, wherein the sensed conditions include a condition of an antenna coupled to the power amplifier for transmission of the RF output signal of the power amplifier.
 28. The power amplifier system of claim 21, wherein the sensed conditions include current of the power amplifier.
 29. A power amplifier system, comprising: a power amplifier configured to receive and amplify an RF input signal including at least amplitude modulation information to generate an RF output signal; a power amplifier power controller configured to determine an angle of an impedance mismatch at an output of the power amplifier according to a phase difference between reverse power and forward power of the RF output signal sensed at the output of the power amplifier and configured to adjust a gain of the power amplifier based on the angle of the impedance mismatch; and an input controller configured to provide the RF input signal to the power amplifier, wherein: the power amplifier power controller controls the input controller to adjust a level of the RF input signal provided to the power amplifier while adjusting the gain of the power amplifier, the adjustment of the level of the RF input signal being different from a change in output power of the power amplifier.
 30. The power amplifier system of claim 29, wherein the input controller includes a variable drive circuit configured to adjust the level of the RF input signal provided to the power amplifier responsive to an input drive control signal received from the power amplifier power controller, the power amplifier power controller being configured to reduce or increase attenuation of a sensed forward power level of the RF output signal to be provided as the input drive control signal by more than an amount of reduction or increase of the gain of the power amplifier, respectively.
 31. The power amplifier system of claim 30, wherein the power amplifier power controller includes a variable attenuator configured to attenuate the sensed forward power level of the RF output signal. 